Growth Factors in Le Reve Skin Booster
EGF: 1 ppm, a-FGF: 0.1 ppm, b-FGF: 1 ppm, IGF-1: 0.1 ppm,PDGF-a: 1 ppm, PDGF-b1: 0.5 ppm, VEGF: 0.5 ppm, TGF-b1: 0.5ppm, Interleukin 10: 0.1ppm
EGF(Epidermal Growth Factor, rh(sh)-Oligopeptide-1) Structure Main 2 Functions Mechanism Usage reference :Epidermal growth factor in clinical practice, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912390/ IGF( IGF-1, rh(sh)-Oligopeptide-2, ) Structure Main 2 Functions Mechanism Usage reference : Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Physiology https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5488279/ FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor-a,b.~. rh(sh)-Polypeptides-1,2,~23 ) Structure Main 2 Fuctions Mechanism Usage reference : The FGF family: biology, pathophysiology and therapy – PubMed (nih.gov) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19247306/ PDGF(Platelet-derived growth factor- a,b, rh(sh)-Polypeptide-8,59) Structure Main 2 Fuctions Mechanism Usage reference : Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732412/#!po=0.604839 Structure Main 2 Fuctions Mechanism Usage reference :The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family: angiogenic factors in health and disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC551528/ Structure Main 2 Fuctions Mechanism (TGF beta signaling pathway) Usage reference : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta
In humans, EGF has 53 amino acids (sequence NSDSECPLSHDGYCLHDGVCMYIEALDKYACNCVVGYIGERCQYRDLKWWELR), with a molecular mass of around 6 kDa. It contains three disulfide bridges (Cys6-Cys20, Cys14-Cys31, Cys33-Cys42).
1. EGF stimulates the cell proliferation(Differentiation, maturation and survival of a variety of Fibroblasts, Epithelial cells, Mesenchymal Cells, Neurons).
2. EGF enhances cytoprotection( Injury cells by PI3K-Akt Activation ).
3. Others –
1. EGF binds with EGFR(Tyrosine kinase receptor)
2. This Binding initiates Phosphorylation-Mediated Mechanism
3. A variety of Biochemical Changes within the cell – a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR – that ultimately lead to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
1. Diabetic foot ulcers.
2. Bone regeneration-Osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)-10ppm.
3. Modify synthetic scaffolds for manufacturing of bioengineered grafts.
4. Cosmetics for Skin Rejuvenation.
There is 2 IGF-1, IGF-2. IGF-1
IGF-1 is consisted by 70 aminoacids single chain three disulfied bonds Peptides , 7,649Da
1. IGF-1 is promotion of cell proliferation and the inhibition of cell death (apoptosis). an involvement in regulating neural development including neurogenesis, myelination, synaptogenesis, and dendritic branching and neuroprotection after neuronal damage.
2. DNA synthesis
3. Others –
1. IGF-1 is secreted by the liver as a result of stimulation by growth hormone (GH).
2. IGFs bind with IGF Binding Proteins (IGFBP1 to IGFBP7)
3. Binding with IGF-1 and IGFBP(3) activates Intracellular Signaling Pathway
1. Augment Growth Hormone efficacy.
2. Tumor Marker
FGF is a Familial growth Factors(In humans, 23 members of the FGF family).
example :
FGF-a( FGF-1, rh(sh)-Polypeptides-1) is 17-18 kDa. non-glycosylated polypeptides.
FGF-b( FGF-2, rh(sh)-Polypeptides-11) is 17.1 kDa, β trefoil structure polypeptides.
1. FGFs are multifunctional proteins with a wide variety of effects; they are most commonly mitogens but also have regulatory, morphological, and endocrine effects.- developmental processes include mesoderm induction, anterior-posterior patterning,[8] limb development, neural induction and neural development,[16] and in mature tissues/systems angiogenesis, keratinocyte organization, and wound healing processes
2.FGF1 and FGF2 stimulate angiogenesis and the proliferation of fibroblasts that give rise to granulation tissue ( FGF1 and FGF2 are more potent angiogenic factors than vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)).
3. Others –
1. FGF binds with Heparan sulfate(Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan,HSPG) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR).
2. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. 
1. Dysregulation of the FGF signalling system underlies a range of diseases associated with the increased FGF expression. Inhibitors of FGF signalling have shown clinical efficacy.
2. Some FGF ligands (particularly FGF2) have been demonstrated to enhance tissue repair (e.g. skin burns, grafts, and ulcers) in a range of clinical settings.
PDGFs are five isoforms, 32~35 kDa. disulfide-linked Dimeric Glycoprotein(2 subunit)
PDGF-AA (PDGFA), -BB (PDGFB), -CC (PDGFC), and -DD (PDGFD), and -AB (a PDGFA and PDGFB heterodimer).
1. PDGFs are mitogenic during early developmental stages, driving the proliferation of undifferentiated mesenchyme and some progenitor populations.
2. During later maturation stages, PDGF signalling has been implicated in tissue remodelling and cellular differentiation, and in inductive events involved in patterning and morphogenesis.
3. Others –
1. PDGFs binds with PDGFRs(two tyrosine kinase receptor, a &b type) and HSPG
2. “switched on” by auto-phosphorylation
3. gene expression and protein synthesis
1. chronic ulcers and in orthopedic surgery and periodontics as an alternative to bone autograft to stimulate bone regeneration and repair.
2. Many OrganogenesisVEGF((Vascular Endothelial Growth factor, rh(sh)-polypeptides-9)
VEGF Family is five , 32~35 kDa. disulfide-linked Dimeric Glycoprotein(2 subunit)
VEGF-a, VEGF-b, VEGF-c, VEGF-d, PGF
1. VEGFs are Angiogenesis by ↑ Migration of endothelial cells, ↑ mitosis of endothelial cells, ↑ Matrix metalloproteinase activity, ↑ αvβ3 activity, ↑ Migration and proliferation of Astrocytes ,creation of blood vessel lumen, and creates fenestrations and Chemotactic for macrophages and granulocytes, Vasodilation (indirectly by NO release), Lymphangiogenesis.
2. PGF(Placenta growth Factor) is also family of VEGFS which is strong Anigiogenesis during some damages.
3. Others –
1. VEGFs binds with VEGFRs(3 types)
2. transphosphorylation
3. gene expression and protein synthesis
1. acute and sub-acute stages of CNS injury by endogenous revascularization
2. BiomarkerTGF((Transforming Growth factor, TGF-b1 rh(sh)-polypeptides-22)
TGF a, TGF b(1,2,3)
TGF-b1 is 25 kDa. 390 Aminoacids, polypeptides -22
1. TGF b is multifunctional set of peptides that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types.
2. TGF b is an important role in controlling the immune system.
1. TGF b1 binds TGFβ receptors(Type 1, Type 2) are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors.
2. SMAD Phosphorylation -> CoSMAD binding -> Transcryition
3. gene expression and protein synthesis
1. wounds with impaired healing, mucositis, fractures, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, and autoimmune disease.
2. In diseases such as keloids, glomerulonephritis and pulmonary fibrosis, excessive expression of TGF-β has been implicated as being responsible for accumulation of detrimental scar tissue.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069016/
1, Niacin-amide collects melanin pigment synthesized in melanocytes and blocks the transfer of “Melanosome”, a non-pocket, to keratinocytes by 35%~68%.
2. Niacin-amide synthesizes collagen by promoting “m-RNA transcription” that synthesizes collagen in the dermal layer.
3. Niacin-amide promotes the proliferation of keratinocytes by activating “mKGF”. It is accompanied by effects such as reducing pores, suppressing sebum excretion, and relieving acne.
2. It is difficult to pass through the cell membrane, but once it passes, it becomes the center of strong antioxidant by “continuously recycling hydrogen”.
3. Combining with lead, which is the main cause of cosmetic poisoning, is discharged and can increase the intensity of tumor treatment by protecting normal cells during chemotherapy.